Diagnóstico de la inserción de la ética en la carrera de medicina en Brasil

Aim. To overview of ethics issues inclusion in CGM in Brazil, both in courses with active learning processes and traditional lecture learning methodologies. Materials and methods. This is a cohort, retrospective historical and descriptive exploratory study. We analyzed curricula and teaching projects of 175 medical schools of Brazil. The remaining 31 CGM were excluded either because of incomplete information or refusal to participate in the study. Active search for information was done on institutional sites and on documents through institutional occurrence analysis of terms based on DeCS/MeSH descriptors. Information was correlated according to learning educational model: active learning methodologies (MA) -tutorials discussions with integrated curriculum into core modules- or traditional lecture learning methodologies (MT) -with classes for large groups separated by disciplines- and reviewed by: occurrence frequency of ethical themes and average hourly load per semester of these themes. Results. It was observed that 95 CGM used MT. The most frequent ethical themes were: medical ethics; professional conduct; medical responsibility; ethical procedures; theology, philosophy, sociology and humanism; ethics in research; bioethics in public health; and organ transplantation, death and euthanasia. Spearman's rank correlation test between MA and MT occurrence resulted P_s = 0814 (α= 0.014; 95% CI). Conclusion. Over 80% of MA schools utilizing thematic working hourly load between 50-100 h while more than 60% of MT schools used less than 50 h in curriculum time.